E C O N S T A T S TM  
  UK Statistics
mm23_Consumer Price Indic
mm23 Consumer Price Indices
1.7_CPI goods and services indices 1988 to 2011: 2005=100
      UK Office of National Statistics (ONS)
      HM Treasury - Weekly economic indicators
      HM Treasury - pocket databank (xls) 		 
Commonly-used UK Stats Prelim Estimate Of GDP Jan 25 GDP Month 2 May 25 Gross Domestic Product (O) Aug 26 Motor Vehicle Prod Mar 2
UK Economic Accounts Dec 22 Detailed Index of Prod Dataset Jan 12 Productivity Dec 23 Public Sector Finances, Jan 24 Public Sector Accounts, Jun 30
Public Sector Trans: Calendar ... Jun 30 Public Sector Employment Stats Dec 14 PPI Aggregate Level Jan 13 Producer Prices - MM22 Jan 24 Consumer Price Indices Aug 16
Claimant Count & Vacancies Jan 18 Labour Market Stats - Integrat... Jan 18 Employment & Earnings Jan 18 Financial Stats Freestanding Jul 12 Financial Stats Consistent Jul 12
Mergers & Acquisitions Dec 6 Share Ownership Jan 27 Inv't by Ins Comps, Pens Funds... Mar 25 Ins Comps', Pens Funds' & Trus... Dec 21 Balance of Payments Quarterly Dec 22
Trade in Goods Industry BOP MQ... Dec 9 Trade in Goods MRETS (all BOP ... Jan 11 Monthly Digest of Stats Jul 28 Economic Trends Dec 16 Economic Trends Annual Supp Oct 10
Index of Distribution Feb 24 Pink Book Jul 30 Blue Book Jul 30 Cap Stocks Tables for Publication Jul 31 Retail Sales - Detailed Level Jan 20
Metal Working Machine Tools 0 MM17 - PINCCA Dec 29 Engineering Turnover & Orders ... Feb 17 Business Inv't Dec 22 Consumer Trends Dec 22
Consumer Credit Business Jul 1 Profitability of UK Comps Jan 4


  SubTable 13 of 33   1.7_CPI goods and services indices 1988 to 2011: 2005=100   Yearly data  
Month
Quarter
Year
mm23_1.1 CPI indices 1988 to 2011: 2005=100 {2 pages}   mm23_1.6 CPI & RPI differences (old method Jan 1997 to May 2010)   mm23_2.2 RPI annual percentchanges 1948 to 2011 {2 pages}   mm23_3.2 RPI pensioner indices & annual change 1987 to 2010: Jan 1987=100  
mm23_1.1 CPI Indices - Constant Taxes (CPI-CT) December 2005 onwards   mm23_1.6 CPI & RPI differences (improved method Jan 2005 onwards)   mm23_2.3 RPI monthly percentchanges 1988 to 2011 {2 pages}   mm23_3.3 RPI pensioner indices weights 1992 to 2010 {3 pages}  
mm23_1.2 CPI annual percentchange 1989 to 2011 {2 pages}   mm23_1.7 CPI goods & services indices 1988 to 2011: 2005=100   mm23_2.4 RPI goods & services 1987 to 2011   mm23_3.4 EU HICP indices & annual percentchanges 1996 to 2010: 2005=100  
mm23_1.3 CPI monthly percentchange 1988 to 2011 {2 pages}   mm23_1.8 CPI goods & services annual percentchanges 1989 to 2011   mm23_2.5 RPI weights 1987 to 2011 {2 pages}   mm23_3.5 Internal pur  
mm23_1.4 CPI weights 1988 to 2011 {2 pages}   mm23_1.9 CPI goods & services weights 1996 to 2011   mm23_2.6 Contributions1 to changes in All Items RPI   ukea_A36  
mm23_1.5 Contributions1 to changes in all items CPI   mm23_2.1 RPI indices 1987 to 2011: Jan 1987=100 {2 pages}   mm23_2.7 RPI aver  
  1.7 CPI goods and services indices 1988 to 2011: 2005=100. { total observations, n=6287 }1     UK National Statistics titles: [ mm23_doc.txt| ES mirror ] data: [ mm23 (index ) | mirror mm23 ]
  Code     Variable   ( skkd )   Mthly     Qtrly     Yrly     Yearly Range     1956 yr     1957 yr     1958 yr     1959 yr     1960 yr     1961 yr     1962 yr     1963 yr     1964 yr     1965 yr     1966 yr     1967 yr     1968 yr     1969 yr     1970 yr     1971 yr     1972 yr     1973 yr     1974 yr     1975 yr     1976 yr     1977 yr     1978 yr     1979 yr     1980 yr     1981 yr     1982 yr     1983 yr     1984 yr     1985 yr     1986 yr     1987 yr     1988 yr     1989 yr     1990 yr     1991 yr     1992 yr     1993 yr     1994 yr     1995 yr     1996 yr     1997 yr     1998 yr     1999 yr     2000 yr     2001 yr     2002 yr     2003 yr     2004 yr     2005 yr     2006 yr     2007 yr     2008 yr     2009 yr     2010 yr  
1 D7BT 597. CPI INDEX 00 : ALL ITEMS- estimated pre-97 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 938 obs 1661 obs 381 obs 0 to 2010 63.5 66.80 71.5 76.80 80.10 82.10 83.80 86 88.10 89.70 91.10 92.30 93.10 94.20 95.40 96.70 98 100 102.30 104.70 108.5 110.80 114.5
2 D7F4 598. CPI INDEX: Goods - estimated pre-96 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 703 obs 796 obs 198 obs 0 to 2010 78.70 82.30 87.5 92.80 95.70 96.90 98.10 100.30 102.40 103.10 103.5 103.60 102.70 101.90 100.70 100.10 99.70 100 101.30 102.70 106.10 107.5 110.80
3 DK9O 599. CPI INDEX: Food; alcoholic beverages & tobacco (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 85.5 86.5 88.60 90.5 91.5 94.90 95.90 97.30 98.30 100 102.60 106.90 115 120.90 125.70
4 DK9P 600. CPI INDEX: Processed food & non-alcoholic beverages (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 217 obs 67 obs 0 to 2010 92.40 93.40 94.20 94 93.60 94.90 95.80 97.30 98.5 100 102.60 107.30 117.40 123.20 127.20
5 DK9Q 601. CPI INDEX: Unprocessed food (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 91.60 90.10 91.10 92 91.40 97.20 97.80 98.60 98.5 100 102.40 106.80 116.20 123.10 127.40
6 DK9R 602. CPI INDEX: Seasonal food (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 387 obs 168 obs 54 obs 0 to 2010 88 84.70 89.70 91.40 90.10 97.30 97.90 99.20 97.70 100 102.70 109.10 117.40 123.70 130.5
7 D7D6 603. CPI INDEX 01.1.2 : MEAT 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 379 obs 817 obs 210 obs 0 to 2010 96 96.20 93 92.80 93.20 97.20 97.60 97.70 99.30 100 101.90 103.90 114.90 122.40 123.60
8 D7BV 604. CPI INDEX 02:ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES;TOBACCO & NARCOTICS- estimated pre-97 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 843 obs 1560 obs 368 obs 0 to 2010 44.30 45.80 49.10 55.5 60.30 64.10 66.80 70.10 73.30 76.20 80.40 85.60 89.5 92.5 94.10 95.90 97.80 100 102.70 106.30 110.5 115.30 121.70
9 DK9S 605. CPI INDEX: Industrial goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 110.70 111.30 110.60 109.60 107.70 105 102.70 101.30 100.30 100 100.90 101.20 102.90 102.70 105.60
10 DK9T 606. CPI INDEX: Energy (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 74 76.30 76.60 79.90 85.5 83.30 82.60 84.80 90.10 100 114.70 120.90 141.40 141.60 150.30
11 DK9U 607. CPI INDEX: Electricity; gas & misc. energy (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 217 obs 67 obs 0 to 2010 86.90 84.40 81.30 80.80 79.30 80 82.5 83.70 89.10 100 125.5 135.5 159.20 173.70 166.5
12 DKC4 608. CPI INDEX: Liquid fuels; vehicle fuels & lubricants (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 63.70 69.80 72.80 79.10 90.40 85.80 82.80 86 91.20 100 105.80 108.70 126.20 114.70 134.70
13 DK9J 609. CPI INDEX: Non-energy industrial goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 120.10 119.90 118.80 116.10 112 109.10 106.5 104.40 102.20 100 98.40 97.60 96 95.70 97.5
14 DK9W 610. CPI INDEX: Clothing & footwear goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 118 obs 43 obs 0 to 2010 165.5 161.30 154.80 146.5 135.40 124.80 115.60 111 105.60 100 95.80 92.10 86 79.20 78.30
15 DK9X 611. CPI INDEX: Housing goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 414 obs 69 obs 30 obs 0 to 2010 103.70 104.10 104.5 103.90 101.70 101.10 100.80 100 99.80 100 99.60 101.70 104.40 108.5 112.60
16 DK9Y 612. CPI INDEX: Household goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 217 obs 67 obs 0 to 2010 107.90 107.80 107.5 106.60 104 103.20 102.70 101.40 100.80 100 99.10 100.5 102.30 105.70 109
17 DK9Z 613. CPI INDEX: Water supply; materials for maintenance/repair (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 88.60 91.10 93.90 95.10 94 94.30 94.40 95.5 96.70 100 102.20 107.10 113.20 120.5 127.90
18 DKA2 614. CPI INDEX: Medical products; appliances & equipment (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 88.10 90.60 93.80 95.60 98 100 100.5 100.60 100 100 99.5 100.60 101.40 102.70 103.30
19 DKA3 615. CPI INDEX: Vehicles; spare parts & accessories (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 118 obs 43 obs 0 to 2010 110.80 113.10 112.70 109.60 104.90 101.60 100.90 100.5 100.80 100 99.90 99.80 98.20 99.70 104
20 DKA4 616. CPI INDEX: Recreational goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 217 obs 67 obs 0 to 2010 129.5 127 123.5 119.70 116.60 114.80 112.10 108 104.20 100 96.70 93.40 90.30 89 89.20
21 DKA5 617. CPI INDEX: Audio-visual goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 398 obs 172 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 271.40 244.90 213.90 185 165.30 152.80 142 128 114 100 88.80 78.80 67.70 59.90 56.5
22 DKA6 618. CPI INDEX: Other recreational goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 390 obs 70 obs 30 obs 0 to 2010 98.40 100.10 101.30 102 101.90 102.20 101.60 100.90 100.70 100 99.70 99.90 101.10 103.60 105.80
23 DKA7 619. CPI INDEX: Miscellaneous goods (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 390 obs 70 obs 30 obs 0 to 2010 102.90 104.90 107.70 108.60 105.5 105.30 103.40 102.60 100.90 100 101.80 104.20 106.80 110.10 113.5
24 D7F5 620. CPI INDEX: Services - estimated pre-96 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 811 obs 986 obs 252 obs 0 to 2010 45 48 52.40 58.10 62.10 65.20 67.40 69.60 71.90 74.60 77.40 80.10 82.70 86 89.70 92.90 96 100 103.5 107.20 111.40 115 119.10
25 DKA8 621. CPI INDEX: Housing services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 399 obs 168 obs 54 obs 0 to 2010 73 76.10 79.10 82.10 84.60 87.80 90.90 93.20 96.10 100 103.5 107.30 111.40 113.70 115.20
26 D7CE 622. CPI INDEX 04.1 : ACTUAL RENTS FOR HOUSING 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 904 obs 963 obs 240 obs 0 to 2010 77.60 80.20 82.60 85 87.80 90.70 93.20 94.5 96.60 100 103.10 106.40 109.90 111.90 113.5
27 DKA9 623. CPI INDEX: Primary housing services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 64.60 68.90 73.10 76.80 77.70 80.90 85.30 89.80 94.60 100 104.60 109.90 115.30 118.60 119.90
28 DKB2 624. CPI INDEX: Other housing services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 62.60 65.40 68.5 72.10 77 82 86.70 91.10 95.90 100 104.10 108.80 113.70 115.90 118.40
29 DKB3 625. CPI INDEX: Travel & transport services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 64.40 67.5 70.40 73.5 77 81.60 84.70 89.80 94.30 100 103.70 109.20 115.90 122.20 131.90
30 DKB4 626. CPI INDEX: Services for personal transport equipment (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 217 obs 67 obs 0 to 2010 61.90 65.20 68 70.90 74.20 78.60 82.90 88.60 94 100 105.80 111.10 116.40 119.70 124.30
31 D7CQ 627. CPI INDEX 07.3 : TRANSPORT SERVICES 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 571 obs 1112 obs 282 obs 0 to 2010 69.40 72.20 74.60 77.20 79.90 84.60 86.60 90.5 93.90 100 102.30 108.30 116.70 125 135.90
32 D7F3 628. CPI INDEX 12.5.4 : INSURANCE CONNECTED WITH TRANSPORT 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 379 obs 512 obs 127 obs 0 to 2010 56.20 58.70 65.60 73.60 85.20 92.90 95.40 100.70 101.80 100 100 103.20 105 115.80 151.5
33 D7C3 629. CPI INDEX 08 : COMMUNICATION- estimated pre-97 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 1278 obs 1021 obs 249 obs 0 to 2010 111.90 113.5 119.80 129.90 133.60 134.40 128.40 124.60 122 118.70 116.90 113.40 109 101.80 102.60 103.10 102.30 100 100.20 96.90 94.30 95.20 99.90
34 DKB5 630. CPI INDEX: Recreational & personal services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 72.30 75.10 78.10 80.90 83.90 87.40 91.60 94.60 96.90 100 102.90 106.30 110.20 113.70 117.5
35 DKB6 631. CPI INDEX: Package holidays & accommodation (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 65.60 69.10 72.30 75.10 80 86.30 92.5 95.80 97 100 101.30 103.30 106.5 110.60 114.60
36 DKB7 632. CPI INDEX: Other recreational & personal services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 74.30 76.90 79.90 82.80 85.10 87.70 91.30 94.30 96.90 100 103.30 107.10 111.30 114.60 118.30
37 D7CW 633. CPI INDEX 11.1 : CATERING 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 379 obs 892 obs 227 obs 0 to 2010 74.90 77.60 80.70 83.5 85.80 88.70 91.70 94.5 97.10 100 103 106.70 111.10 114.20 117.80
38 DKB8 634. CPI INDEX: Non-catering recreational & personal services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 72.40 74.90 77.80 80.60 82.90 85.10 90.20 93.5 96.20 100 104.30 108.5 111.90 115.60 119.70
39 DKC2 635. CPI INDEX: Miscellaneous & other services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 62.5 65.40 68.80 72.40 75.90 81 85.40 89 93.80 100 105.70 110.60 116 119.40 121.80
40 DKB9 636. CPI INDEX: Miscellaneous services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 65.10 67.60 70.70 73.90 76.40 81.60 85.60 88 93.20 100 105.20 106.90 109.60 110.80 110.70
41 DKC3 637. CPI INDEX: Medical services (S) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 510 obs 110 obs 41 obs 0 to 2010 77.10 80.90 86.20 91.30 94.70 100 105.80 111.30 116.60 121.20 127.10
42 D7C5 638. CPI INDEX 10 : EDUCATION- estimated pre-97 2005=100 NSA DEFL 2005 2005 { 2nd } 1263 obs 1353 obs 298 obs 0 to 2010 31.30 33.5 36.60 41.30 46.70 51.40 55.60 58.40 60.80 63.90 67.60 71.40 75.60 80.10 84.70 91 95.30 100 107.30 122 136.30 146.70 154.5
43 DK9K 639. CPI INDEX: Durables (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 126 obs 45 obs 0 to 2010 122.70 122 119.40 115.60 110.90 107.90 106.20 104 102.30 100 97.70 96.20 94.10 94.90 97.40
44 DK9L 640. CPI INDEX: Semi-durables (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 140 138.20 135.20 130.10 123.10 117.30 111.80 107.90 104 100 97 95 91.30 87.70 87.70
45 DK9M 641. CPI INDEX: Non-durables (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 557 obs 225 obs 69 obs 0 to 2010 92.40 94.30 96.80 98.30 98.10 98.90 99 99.40 99.30 100 101.90 104.30 107.60 111.90 115.90
46 DK9R 642. CPI INDEX: Seasonal food (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 387 obs 168 obs 54 obs 0 to 2010 88 84.70 89.70 91.40 90.10 97.30 97.90 99.20 97.70 100 102.70 109.10 117.40 123.70 130.5
47 DK9N 643. CPI INDEX: Non-seasonal food (G) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 894 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 92.70 93.20 92.30 92.10 92.10 94.5 95.40 96.70 98.60 100 102.10 106.10 117.90 124.60 127.10
48 DKD6 644. CPI INDEX: Energy; food; alcohol and tobacco (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 82.20 83.60 85.20 87.60 90.10 91.70 92.20 93.80 96 100 106.20 111 122.80 127.10 133
49 DKD7 645. CPI INDEX: Energy and unprocessed food (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 894 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 81.40 82.10 82.70 85.20 88.40 89.60 89.40 91 93.90 100 109.30 114.80 130.40 133.60 140.40
50 DKD8 646. CPI INDEX: Energy and seasonal food (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 77.90 78.80 80.30 83.20 87.10 87.60 87.30 89.30 92.40 100 111.10 117.40 134.10 136.30 144.40
51 D7CB 647. CPI INDEX 02.2 : TOBACCO 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 739 obs 1307 obs 331 obs 0 to 2010 58.20 62.5 67.90 75.70 82.30 86.70 89.30 92.5 95.80 100 104.5 110 114.80 119.40 128.5
52 D7BX 648. CPI INDEX 04 : HOUSING; WATER AND FUELS- estimated pre-97 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 { 2nd } 822 obs 1480 obs 369 obs 0 to 2010 51.20 54.70 59.90 66 69.5 71 74.30 77.10 79.60 81 81.90 83.80 84.90 86.80 89 90.70 94.10 100 109.20 114.70 124.5 129.90 130.30
53 DKD9 649. CPI INDEX: Education; health and social protection (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 894 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 66.60 69.40 72.80 75.90 79.5 83.70 87.70 92.40 95.90 100 104.80 112.40 119.60 125.40 130.40
54 DKC5 650. CPI INDEX: Excluding energy (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 89.20 90.70 92.20 93.20 93.40 94.80 96.20 97.40 98.5 100 101.5 103.60 106.30 108.80 112.10
55 DKC6 651. CPI INDEX: Excluding energy; food; alcohol & tobacco (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 90 91.70 93.10 93.70 93.80 94.80 96.20 97.5 98.5 100 101.30 103 104.70 106.5 109.60
56 DKC7 652. CPI INDEX: Excluding energy & unprocessed food (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 89 90.70 92.30 93.30 93.60 94.70 96.10 97.40 98.5 100 101.5 103.40 105.80 108 111.30
57 DKC8 653. CPI INDEX: Excluding seasonal food (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 88.10 89.90 91.20 92.40 93.20 94.10 95.30 96.60 98 100 102.30 104.60 108.20 110.5 114
58 DKC9 654. CPI INDEX: Excluding energy & seasonal food (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 217 obs 53 obs 0 to 2010 89.20 90.90 92.30 93.30 93.60 94.80 96.10 97.40 98.5 100 101.5 103.5 106 108.30 111.5
59 DK9V 655. CPI INDEX: Excluding tobacco (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 89.40 90.80 92 92.90 93.40 94.40 95.60 96.80 98 100 102.30 104.60 108.30 110.60 114.20
60 DKD2 656. CPI INDEX: Excluding alcohol & tobacco (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 224 obs 54 obs 0 to 2010 89.20 90.60 91.80 92.70 93.20 94.30 95.40 96.70 98 100 102.30 104.60 108.40 110.60 114.20
61 DKD3 657. CPI INDEX: Excl liquid fuels; vehicle fuels & lubricants (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 89.30 90.60 91.90 92.80 93 94.40 95.80 97 98.20 100 102.20 104.5 107.80 110.60 113.60
62 DKD4 658. CPI INDEX: Excl housing; water; elec.; gas & other fuels (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 89.20 90.80 92.30 93.40 94.10 95.10 96.20 97.40 98.5 100 101.5 103.5 106.60 108.60 112.60
63 DKD5 659. CPI INDEX: Excl education; health & social protection (SP) 2005=100 NSA nominal 2005 546 obs 225 obs 55 obs 0 to 2010 89.10 90.70 92 93.20 93.80 94.80 95.90 96.90 98.10 100 102.20 104.30 107.90 110 113.60
Abbreviations:
  CPI = Consumer Price Index
  CP = current price 		37557 obs 23751 obs 6287 obs